Test 4
True and False
The lymphatic system is found in bones.
On the lymphatic capillary, the fluid can go in and out.
Lymphatic nodules have a capsule.
The lymphatic flow drains everything except the right upper quad.
The lymphatic system above the heart drains by valves.
Fever decreases the metabolic rate and decreases macrophages generation time.
A lymph node has about 300-400 nodes.
With RH sickness, the baby is RH negative.
The blood type O is known to be the universal donor.
Antibodies can cross the placenta but don’t kill in utero.
The balance between acids and bases in the body is under tight control and should have a PH between 7.15 to 67.65
Symporters are for Na/H+ and antiports are for organics.
Juxtamedullary has short loops of nephron
In distant convulated tubule last ½ there is only NA pumps.
A high pitched voice is a sign of PH imbalance.
PH imbalances are often seen in dialysis patients and smokers.
The normal ratio of bicarb/carbonic acid should be 1/20.
In the major cross match, AB to O would clump vigoriously.
In the minor cross match, A to O would not clump.
Fill in
The central nexus that serves the lower legs is the _______________ _______________.
The majority of lymph flow goes through _____________ ______________.
______________ is a pathway in which the person has excessive tissue fluid.
The ________________ is 180 ml per day, and 125 ml per minute.
The stretch of afferent aterioles and increases contraction of messangial cells represents the ____________ effect.
________________ is the horomone that inhibits messengial cells and increase filtration.
An amino acid is an example of an ________________ substance, which is a substance that can act as both acid and base.
When considering fluid and electrolytes, the function of ____________ is used as a universal solvent for solutions and suspension.
A _________________ is a substance that resists PH changes.
Definitions
Inflammation
Phagocytes
Safety Factor
Non Pitted Edema
Obligatory Absorption
Retroperitoneal
Plasma Renal Clearance
Nephroptosis
Amphoteric
PH
List
List 5 areas of lymph nodes.
List the signs and symptoms for cancer
List 5 causes of Edema
List 3 functions of the Lymphatic System
List and describe 5 kidney functions
List and describe the 2 types of nephrons
List and describe the GFR regulation
List the causes of renal calculi
List and describe 4 forms of diuretics
Outline Filtration, provide a math calculation on GFR
Multiple Choice
Fever us caused by
a. lactobacillus
b. IL-1
c. lysozyme
d. IL-4
e. IL-3
The returning excess fluid between the intercellular space are
a. granzymes
b. hydrophilic
c. microphages
d. proteoglycan
e. B and D
The major trunk includes
a. R & L lumbar trunk
b. right upper quad
c. R & L bronchiomediastinal trunk
d. subclavian
e. A,C,D
The lymphatic system is
a. thinner than veins
b. has more 1 way valves than veins
c. similar to veins
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
A fever within 111-115 would cause
a. seizures
b. deliriousness
c. coma
d. A & C
e. none of the above
The following are 3 steps to pulmonary ventilation
a. ventilation, external respiratory, internal respiratory
b. ventilation, exhalation, inhalation
c. constriction, ventilation, inhalation
d. external nares, internal nares, ventilation
e. none of the above
Body water is regulated by all of the following except
a. ANP
b. ADH
c. TSH
d. Augiotemism II
e. vomitting
Water is located ___________ extracellulary and ______________ ultracellularly
a. 1/3 & ¼
b. 1/5 & 5/6
c. 2/3 & 1/3
d. ¼ & ¾
e. 1/3 & 2/3
The functions of Respiratory system are all of the following except
a. gas exchange
b. PH
c. smell
d. speech
e. regulate blood pressure
The muscles for inspiration are the following except
a. diagphragm
b. external intercoatsals
c. sternocleidomastoid
d. pectoralis minor
e. rectus abdominus
Which of the following modifying factors leads to cherry red skin
a. low ph
b. high temperature
c. bispinophaglycerate (BPG)
d. low o2 saturation
e. carbon monoxide
Matching
eyes a. high fatty acids
skin b. hydrochloric acid
ear c. bulgarrius
vagina d. clotting prevents bacteria
gastrointestinal e. lysozyme wipes out the cell walls of bacteria
epiglottis a. solid ring on top of trachea
cricoid b. atop the aternoid
cuneiform c. anterior attached to thyroid cartilage
corniculate d. lateral and posterior attachment for vocal folds
arytenoid e. small blocks, high support
Hyperphosphotemia a. pulls water out of body cells into ECF, causing cellular dehydration
Hypermognesemia b. dehydration, renal failure hyper aldosteronism
Hypercalcemia c. crush injuries to body tissue, transfusion of hemolysized blood.
HyperKalemia d. excessive intake of Vitamind D, some cancers.
HyperChlaemic e. increase intake or destruction of body cells which release into blood
Hypernetremia f. aldosterone deficiency and hypothyroidism
Match characteristic to division of respiratory system
Nose a. includes tonsils
Pharynx b. rim vestibuli
Larynx c. cough, vomit, reflex
Folds d. composed of cartilages
Trache e. filter, warm and humidity air
Diagrams
PCT –ascending loop
H+ secretion (new version only)
One buffer, you chooseTest 4
True and False
During external respiration the amount of co2 in the tissue is at 45mmhg
During internal respiration the amount of o2 in the tissues in at 40mmHg
Some signs and symptoms of emphysema are concave chest and rice crispees sounds
Co2 transport is 7% within plasma, 23% within hemoglobin and 70% are bicarbonate.
It takes a person with emphysema 80% ATP to breathe.
The FC portion of an antibody binds backwards
The T cell system produces antibodies
Memory B cells remember a specific foreign antigen
MHC-I are found in all cells
Precipitation is the clumping of soluable particles
There is high blood flow in the kidney and its about 20-25% of blood
The kidney eliminates nitrogenous wastes, for example ammonia creatine and albumin
Bowman's capsule is also known as the glomerular capsule
Filtration is very similar to capillary exchange and decreases blood pressure.
When bitten by a rattlesnake given anti venom which is a form of passive immunization.
Positive feedback loop on 2nd exposure of hypersensitivity would cause massive degranulation.
During hypersensitivity, the first exposure is called "socialized".
A substance that donates H+ ions into a solution is a base.
A substance that donates OH- to a solution or accepts a H+ is an acid.
Proteins greater than 7nm are filtered in the urine.
With increase fat it decreases body weight for water.
A solution is insoluable particles
When fat is burned it gives off water.
Fluid in and fluid out should not be equal.
pH is the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration in solution.
2/3 of H2O is located intracellularly.
Rapid loss of weight, skinny & motor cross can cause floating kidney also called nephrotisis.
Aquaporins which is facilitated diffusion is used to transport water and ions.
Net filtration = GBHP + BCOP + CHP
Facultative Reabsorption is automatic and does not need fine tuning.
Juxtaglomerular monitors NaCl osmolarity.
The thick portion of the collecting tubule is permeable to water.
Antidiuretic Hormone promotes increase of urine and decrease of blood pressure.
Presence of microorganisms, WBC or puss can cause urine to get gloudy.
High protein diet, drinking a lot of mineral water, high salt, and high PTH can cause production of kidney stones or renal calculi
Renal plasma clearance is the volume of blood that is cleaned or cleared of substance per unit.
Leaky potassium in second half of reabsorption of PCT allows for reabsorption of calcium and magnesium.
Normal glucose renal plasma clearance is 10% because it is excreted with urine.
Matching
IgG a. <1%; causes allergic reactions
IgA b. 75-80%; causes Rh sickness
IgM c. .2%; allow for differentiation
IgD d. 10-15%; found in skin, mucus, colostrums
IgE e. 5-10%; first on scene of infection
MHC - II a. for endogenous antigens
MHC - I b. increase IgE
IL-2 c. for exogenous antigens
IL-4 d. affected by HIV
IL-5 e. increase IgA
Albumin a. diabetes mellitus
ketones b. glomerulonephritis
nitrogen c. excess fatty acid
glucose d. azotemia
RBC e. hematuria
Thiazides a. low ADH
Lasix b. decrease Na reabsorption in PCT
Caffeine c. decrease Na Cl symporters
Alcohol d. decrease Na Cl K absorption
Aldactone e. decrease aldosterone
Shock wave a. meat eater
Uric acid b. vegetarians
Calcium oxalate c. high sound wave
Blood uria nitrogen d. diabetes mellitus
Creatine e. myastancia gravis
Cortex a. hypertonic
Collecting tubule b. isotonic
Vaso recta c. slow flow
Loop of Henle d. more salty
ADH e. increases permeability
Symporters a. Na+H+
Antiporters b. protein & peptide
Pinocytosis c. organics
Aquaporins d. H20 and ions
Paracellular e. transmembranic #20
Cortical a. long loops of nephron
Juxtamedullary b. short loops of nephron
c. 80% of nephron
d. goes to medulla 20%
e. thick & thin ascending
Epinephrine a. constriction of afferent
Norepinephrine b. constriction of efferent and afferent
Tubuloglomerlo feedback c. parasympathetic
d. sympathetic
e. NaCl monitor
Type I a. contact dermatitis
Type II b. soluble self (Ag)
Type III c. Erythroblastosis fetalis
Type IV d. anaphylaxis
Rh Sickness e. against insoluble
PCO2 less than 35 mmHg a. respiratory alkalosis
HC03 higher than 2G mEq b. respiratory acidosis
pCO2 greater than 45 mmHg c. metabolic acidosis
HcO3 lower than 22 mEq d. metabolic alkalosis
Na loss - decreases NaHCO3
Fever & anxiety a. respiratory alkalosis
COPD & emphysemia b. respiratory acidosis
Diabetes mellitus & kidney failure c. metabolic acidosis
Vomiting & antacids d. metabolic alkalosis
High aldosterone
Hyponatremia a. muscular weakness/shock
Hypochlremia b. muscle spasm/metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia c. muscle fatigue/flaccid paralysis
Hypocalcemia d. numbness/tingling of fingers/ hyperactive reflexes
Hypophospatemia e. confusion, seizure, coma
Listing
List and briefly explain the 5 functions of antibodies
List the functions of water
List five regulations of fluid in and fluid out
List the locations of fluid in and fluid out
Fill In
T cells are the _____________ produced by the thymus.
Opsonization is the labeling of foreign antigens by _______________.
Fluid range within body is between ________ - _______%
H2) is located __________________ & __________________.
pH negative log of ____________________ ion concentration in solution.
When given the epitode of Ag it is _________________ ____________________.
The treatment that has the antibodies that mop up the Rh positive marker in maternal circulation is ___________.
In a major cross match, it is the recipients _____________________ being used.
MC
Natural killer cells are believed to eliminate foreign cells by damaging their:
a. nuclei
b. chromosomes
c. cell membranes
d. mitochondria
e. none of the above
The function of the thymus is most important in which age group?
a. middle age
b. old age
c. adolescence
d. childhood
e. in utero
All of the following are glomerular filtration rate regulators regulators except:
a. myogenic effect
b. ADH, ANP, Aldosterone
c. Nor Epi
d. Epi
e. cortical
Which of the following is not a function of the kidney:
a. control pH
b. secretes hormones
c. aids in body temp regulation
d. controls blood pressure
e. controls composition and volume of the blood
Which of the following is a step of urine formation:
a. oxidation
b. meiosis
c. diffusion
d. metabolic respiration
e. filtration
Tubular Buffers within the kidneys are important because:
a. they secrete CO2
b. they conserve ammonia
c. they lock H+ within tubule
d. they lock H+ within the capillary
e. they control blood pressure
Blood urea nitrogen levels above 26mg/dl could be an indication of:
a. malnutrition
b. extra corporeal lithotripsy
c. pregnancy
d. shock
e. liver malfunction
Signs and symptoms for Type I hypersensitivity are:
a. demarketed blanching
b. high pitch voice
c. elevated blood pressure
d. a&b
e. none of the above
The control time for kidneys is:
a. days
b. minutes
c. 10 minutes
d. < 1 second
e. weeks
Definition
Buffer
Immunity
Aptosis
Epitope
Red Pulp
Allosteric Bonding
Atelectosis
Bleb
Dyspnea
Peep
Test 4
True and False
The secondary bronchi branches off to 2 lobes on right side and 3 lobes on left side.
Intraplural fluid has a low surface tension.
Intrapleural pressure is the space between visceral and parietal pleural membranes.
Humans are "sucker" breathers w ho create a positive pressure gradient.
The lymphatic system is found in bones.
On the lymphatic capillary, the fluid can go in and out.
Lymphatic nodules have a capsule.
The lymphatic flow drains everything except the right upper quad.
The lymphatic system above the heart drains by valves.
Fever decreases the metabolic rate and decreases macrophages generation time.
A lymph node has about 300-400 nodes.
With RH sickness, the baby is RH negative.
The blood type O is known to be the universal donor.
Antibodies can cross the placenta but don’t kill in utero.
The balance between acids and bases in the body is under tight control and should have a PH between 7.15 to 67.65
Symporters are for Na/H+ and antiports are for organics.
Juxtamedullary has short loops of nephron
In distant convulated tubule last ½ there is only NA pumps.
A high pitched voice is a sign of PH imbalance.
PH imbalances are often seen in dialysis patients and smokers.
The normal ratio of bicarb/carbonic acid should be 1/20.
In the major cross match, AB to O would clump vigoriously.
In the minor cross match, A to O would not clump.
Fill in
The central nexus that serves the lower legs is the _______________ _______________.
The majority of lymph flow goes through _____________ ______________.
______________ is a pathway in which the person has excessive tissue fluid.
The ________________ is 180 ml per day, and 125 ml per minute.
The stretch of afferent aterioles and increases contraction of messangial cells represents the ____________ effect.
________________ is the horomone that inhibits messengial cells and increase filtration.
An amino acid is an example of an ________________ substance, which is a substance that can act as both acid and base.
When considering fluid and electrolytes, the function of ____________ is used as a universal solvent for solutions and suspension.
A _________________ is a substance that resists PH changes.
Definitions
Inflammation
Phagocytes
Safety Factor
Non Pitted Edema
Obligatory Absorption
Retroperitoneal
Plasma Renal Clearance
Nephroptosis
Amphoteric
PH
List
List 5 areas of lymph nodes.
List the signs and symptoms for cancer
List 5 causes of Edema
List 3 functions of the Lymphatic System
List and describe 5 kidney functions
List and describe the 2 types of nephrons
List and describe the GFR regulation
List the causes of renal calculi
List and describe 4 forms of diuretics
List 4 laws with definitions
Outline Filtration, provide a math calculation on GFR
Multiple Choice
2 basic divisions of nose bone and cartilage include the following
a. nasal bone
b. maxilla
c. frontal
d. septal
e. all of the above
Fever us caused by
a. lactobacillus
b. IL-1
c. lysozyme
d. IL-4
e. IL-3
The returning excess fluid between the intercellular space are
a. granzymes
b. hydrophilic
c. microphages
d. proteoglycan
e. B and D
The major trunk includes
a. R & L lumbar trunk
b. right upper quad
c. R & L bronchiomediastinal trunk
d. subclavian
e. A,C,D
The lymphatic system is
a. thinner than veins
b. has more 1 way valves than veins
c. similar to veins
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
A fever within 111-115 would cause
a. seizures
b. deliriousness
c. coma
d. A & C
e. none of the above
The following are 3 steps to pulmonary ventilation
a. ventilation, external respiratory, internal respiratory
b. ventilation, exhalation, inhalation
c. constriction, ventilation, inhalation
d. external nares, internal nares, ventilation
e. none of the above
Body water is regulated by all of the following except
a. ANP
b. ADH
c. TSH
d. Augiotemism II
e. vomitting
Water is located ___________ extracellulary and ______________ ultracellularly
a. 1/3 & ¼
b. 1/5 & 5/6
c. 2/3 & 1/3
d. ¼ & ¾
e. 1/3 & 2/3
The functions of Respiratory system are all of the following except
a. gas exchange
b. PH
c. smell
d. speech
e. regulate blood pressure
The muscles for inspiration are the following except
a. diagphragm
b. external intercoatsals
c. sternocleidomastoid
d. pectoralis minor
e. rectus abdominus
Which of the following modifying factors leads to cherry red skin
a. low ph
b. high temperature
c. bispinophaglycerate (BPG)
d. low o2 saturation
e. carbon monoxide
Matching
eyes a. high fatty acids
skin b. hydrochloric acid
ear c. bulgarrius
vagina d. clotting prevents bacteria
gastrointestinal e. lysozyme wipes out the cell walls of bacteria
epiglottis a. solid ring on top of trachea
cricoid b. atop the aternoid
cuneiform c. anterior attached to thyroid cartilage
corniculate d. lateral and posterior attachment for vocal folds
arytenoid e. small blocks, high support
Hyperphosphotemia a. pulls water out of body cells into ECF, causing cellular dehydration
Hypermognesemia b. dehydration, renal failure hyper aldosteronism
Hypercalcemia c. crush injuries to body tissue, transfusion of hemolysized blood.
HyperKalemia d. excessive intake of Vitamind D, some cancers.
HyperChlaemic e. increase intake or destruction of body cells which release into blood
Hypernetremia f. aldosterone deficiency and hypothyroidism
Match characteristic to division of respiratory system
Nose a. includes tonsils
Pharynx b. rim vestibuli
Larynx c. cough, vomit, reflex
Folds d. composed of cartilages
Trache e. filter, warm and humidity air
Diagrams
PCT –ascending loop
H+ secretion (new version only)
One buffer, you choose