Micro test 2
True and False
Transient microbiata may be present for days, weeks, or months.
Microbiota are organisms that grow normally on or in a dead organism.
Nonsense codons are mutations in DNA.
Synthesis of DNA moves in the 3 - 5 direction.
An example of a viroid is a potato spindle tuber.
Bacteriophages are the largest virus.
Viruses contain DNA and RNA.
A subclinical disease has noticeable signs and symptoms.
Morbidity is the incidence of a specific notifiable disease.
Mortality is the number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period.
Iron supplements should be taken during times of illness.
Antitrypsin assist emphysema patients.
Colony stimulating factor helps in chemotherapy.
Erythropoietin counteracts the production of blood cells.
Transformed cells have increased growth, loss of contact inhibition, tumor-specific transplant, antigens, and T. antigen.
A persistent viral infection occurs gradually over a short period.
PCR makes multiple copies of a piece of DNA enzymatically.
Shuttle vectors cannot exist in several different species.
Most evolved groups of bacteria are gram-positive.
Mitochondrial DNA can be inherited.
Multiple Choice
Streptococcus mutans converts ___________ to dextran combined with Actinomycates fimbrae to share nutrients and attached again
a. fructose
b. lactose
c. glucose
d. proteins
e. enzymes
Detection of mutant cells due to growth or difference in appearance is called:
a. photolyases
b. excision repair
c. replica plating
d. indirect selection
e. direct selection
_______ encodes enzymes for catabolism
a. R factor
b. conjugative plasmid
c. dissimilation plasmid
d. E. coli
e. all of the above
Papillomavirus is a:
a. papovaviridae
b. adeno viridae
c. poxviridae
d. herpesviridae
e. hepadnaviridae
Tumors in animals are caused by:
a. adenoviridae
b. papovaviridae
c. poxviridae
d. herpesviridae
e. picnnaviridae
What is the most lethal way to consume anthrax?
a. ingestion
b. inhalation
c. skin
d. injection
e. mucus membranes
Segments of DNA that can move from one region to another are called:
a. genes
b. nitrogenous base
c. transposase
d. chromoses
e. transposons
The following are associated with DNA except:
a. adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
b. strands held together by hydrogen bonds.
c. strands are parallel
d. double helix
e. backbone is deoxyribose-phosphate
The strands of a disease are:
a. prodromal period, incubation period, periodof illness, period of convalescence, period of disease.
b. incubation period, prodromal period, period of illness, period of decline, period of convalescence.
c. incubation period, period of illness, period of decline, prodromal period, period of convalescence.
d. period of illness, incubation period, prodromal period, period of decline, period of convalescence.
e. period of convalescence, period of decline, period of illness, prodromal period, incubation period.
_______________ are made of pieces of an entire genome strand in plasmids or phages.
a. bacterial cone
b. recombinant plasmid
c. genomic libraries
d. A & C
e. none of the above
What is the original source of O2 on the planet?
a. gasoline
b. biL
c. cyanobacteria
d. beggiatoa
e. pasteurellales
Which photosynthesis process has sulfur for electrons?
a. flagella
b. phototrophic
c. oxygenic photosynthesis
d. anoxygenic photosynthesis
e. all of the above
Which procedure increases the likelihood of infection the most?
a. hemodialysis
b. intravenous (IV) catheter
c. surgery
d. urinary bladder catheter
e. ventilator (invasive airway)
What are some contributing factors for emerging infectious disease?
a. genetic recombination
b. evolution of new strains
c. inappropriate use of antibiotics and pesticides
d. changes in weather patterns
e. all of the above
Which is true about anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria?
a. has purple sulfur
b. has green sulfur
c. has purple nonsulfur (alpha)
d. has green nonsulfur (gamma)
e. all of the above
Which of the following statements applies to actinobacteria?
a. high G and C
b. gram-negative
c. gram-positive
d. A & C
e. None of the above
A toxin that blocks translation is ___________.
a. Cornybacteriums dipthena
b. Clostridium botulini
c. cholerae
d. C. tetani
e. Staphylococcus aureus
___________ destroys IgA antibodies.
a. coagulase
b. M protein
c. IgA proteases
d. ityaluromidase
e. mycolic acid
_____________ is a found in fimbriae and resists phagocytosis, heat, and is acid resistant.
a. opa protein
b. mycolic acid
c. m protein
d. collagenase
e. kinase/fibrinolysis
Salmonella typhi causes
a. typhus
b. typhoid fever
c. salmonella
d. food poisoning
e. tymphoma nicrosis
Which of the following is a nosocomial infection?
a. UTI
b. curaneous infection
c. candidia
d. tetnus
e. A & B
Predisposing factors that make a person more susceptible to disease are:
a. short urethra in females
b. fatigue
c. age
d. lifestyle
e. all of the above
Self replicating DNA used to carry desired gene is called:
a. clone
b. mDNA
c. vector
d. mRNA
e. recombination
Which of the following is not in a typical genetic modification procedure?
a. plasmid taken up by cell/bacteria.
b. DNA is cleaved by an enzyme.
c. cells with genes of interest are not cloned.
d. genes are inserted into plasmid.
e. genes of interest are upped.
The multiplication cycle of the animal viruses that produce nucleic acid and proteins ______________.
a. attachment
b. penetration
c. uncoating
d. biosynthesis
e. maturation
Where is the area of sense strand (+ strand) that RNA virus occurs?
a. cytoplasm
b. nucleus
c. capsid
d. ribosome
e. flagella
Restriction enzyme used in DNA technology is:
a. Staphlococcus aureus.
b. Escherichia coli
c. Streptococcus
d. A & B
e. None of the above
What is not a use for PCR?
a. cloning DNA for recombination
b. sequence DNA
c. defect pathogens
d. photosynthesis
e. all of the above
Matching
endospore producing a. bacillales
no binary fission b. lactobacillales
Bacillus anthracis c. clostridium
lacks electron transport chain d. epulopiscium
fungal-like filaments e. mycoplasmatales
coagulase a. hydrolyzes collagen
kinase/fibrinolysin b. hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid
hyalursnidase c. digest fibrin clots
collagenase d. coagulates fibrinogen
phenotype a. all genetic information in a cell; A, C, T, G
gene b. encodes a functional product
chromosome c. expression of genes
genotype d. genes of an organism
genome e. DNA that carries hereditary information
mutation a. change in amino acid
mutagen b. results in stop codon
spontaneous mutations c. change in genetic material
misense mutation d. agent that causes mutation
nonsense mutation e. occurs in absence of mutagen
crossing over a. exchange of genes between two molecules
recombination b. occurs between cells of same generation
vertical gene transfer c. insertion or deletion of nucleotides
horizontal gene transfer d. chromosomes break and rejoin
frameshift mutation e. occurs during reproduction between cells
family a. human herpes virus
genus b. herpesvirus
species c. herpesviridae
peptidoglycan a. archaea
proteobacteria b. gram-positive
psuedodomurein c. bacteria
low G and C d. gram-negative
round up a. milk curds
rhizobium b. herbicide
rennin c. cattle
bovine growth hormone d. nitrogen fixer
porcine growth hormone e. swine
Colorado tick fever a. reoviridae
HIV b. retroviridae
hantavirus c. bunyaviridae
retroviridae a. oncogenic DNA virus
poxviridae b. oncogenic RNA virus
adenoviridae
HTLV-1
hepadnaviridae
picornaviridae a. ssRNA +
rhabdoviridae b. ssRNA -
reoviridae c. dsRNA
domain a. proteo bacteria
kingdom b. not assigned
phylum c. gama proto bacteria
class d. enterobacteriales
order e. bacteria
anamalia a. catch all kingdom
plantae b. cell walls of chitin
fungi c. no cell walls
protista d. have cellulose cell walls
Fill-in
In DNA synthesis, lagging strands are synthesized ___________ while leading strands are synthesized _____________.
The four ways in which an MO can cause damage to the host are ____________, direct damage to cell, __________ production, hypersensitivity _____________.
Two ways to insert DNA into a cell are ________________, ________________.
Complementary DNA is made from _______________ by reverse transcriptase.
Proteins that cause infections __________.
Complex viruses are a combination of ___________ and _____________ structure.
Virion struction contain nucleic acid _____________ envelope from host and ____________.
__________ is the last ditch effort antibiotic available to fight against MRSA.
__________ stands for methicillan resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
__________ (wbc) lysis produces a clot.
__________ helminthes parasites metabolic waste can cause symptoms.
__________ Asperigillis flavus is the most cancer causing chemical known.
The three exotoxins are membrane disruptions, superantigens, and ___________.
Clostridium botulini blocks Ach release at the ______________.
Farmland soil is a good _________ reservoir of C. tetani.
__________ is the enzyme used to make DNA from viral RNA or mRNA.
Crown gall is grouped by __________ ___________ which infects plasts causing a tumor like growth.
___________ is the use of microorganisms, cells, or cell component to make a product.
The insertion or modification of genes to produce desired protein is used in ___________ technology.
After attachment, viruses enter host cells by _________ or fusion.
By _______________, enveloped viruses can enter host cells.
An example of a vector is ______________.
Listing
List 3 mechanisms of DNA insertion.
List the 2 theories of viral evolution.
Diagram
True and False
The first step of Koch's postulates is to isolate the pathogen in a pure culture
For Koch's postulates to postiviely identify a pathogen, at least one animal must show positive for a disease.
exotoxins are gram postive and cause no fever
endotoxins are gram negative only
A consequence of lysogeny is that it induces cancer genes, for example, papillomas
Continuous cell line AKA transformed or cancerous cell lines are immortal
replication proteins are doubled stranded
DNA backbone is constructed from ribose phosphate
Asymptomatic carriers of diseases are worse than symptomatic carriers because they carry a smaller viral loads which often goes unnoticed by humans
fittest organisms are selected by random selection in a particular environment
germfree organism have a higher caloric need and lower disease defense
in commensalism, one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
in parasitism, both organisms benefit
e-coli can be commensalism, mutalism, and parasitism
an infection that began as a local infection and the spread is referred to as a systematic infection
septicemia is growth of bacteria in the blood
plant cells contain chloroplast but lack a mitochondria
african americans have the highest risk for colon cancer
codons that express genetic code can have more than one codon sequence
transposons are segments of DNA that can move from one region of DNA to another
two applications of rRNA technology are scientific and therapeutic
Multiple choice
what are three enzymes used in DNA synthesis?
a. glyrase, hellicase, topoisomerase
b. glyrase, ligase, polymerase
c. ligase, hellicase, topoisomerase
d. ligase, polymerase, methylase
e. endoncleases, hellicase, topoisomerase
normal microbiota protects the host by:
a. occupying niches that pathogens might occupy
b. producing acids
c. producing bacteriocins
d. releasing toxins
e. A,B,C
Which of the following diseases are aquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time?
a. endemic disease
b. epidemic disease
c. pnademic disease
d. herd immunity
e. sporadic disease
mycotoxins are considered to be
a. neurotoxins
b. glimpse of leave
c. GABA glutamic acid
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
super antigens can cause these symptoms except:
a. fever
b. runny nose
c. diarrhea
d. nausea
e. none of the above
Animal viruses may be grown in living animals or in...
a. dead animals
b. frozen specimens
c. petri-plates
d. embryonated eggs
e. nutrient agars
Which is an example of a vehicle of transmission?
a. counter top
b. syringe
c. vector
d. sputum
e. microbes on hands
A primary infection is an acute infection that causes the:
a. initial illness
b. secondary illness
c. subclinical illness
d. hospital acquired illness
e. none of the above
biological transmission by a vector requires that:
a. the pathogen crosses the skin or mucous membrand via the parintiral route
b. the anthropod makes direct contact with a living organism
c. the intermediate host be an anthropod, especially fleas, ticks, and mosquitos
d. the pathogen enters and reproduces in the vector
e. the vector enters and reproduced in the host as an obligate intracellular parisite
Droplet transimission is commonly spread via
a. water supply
b. coughing
c. sputum
d. moist conditions
e. rat urine
Vampire bats are asymptomatic carriers of
a. tetanus
b. botulism
c. syphillis
d. lyme disease
e. rabis
What do conjugative plasmids do?
a. carry genes
b. code genes
c. endcode antibiotic resistance
d. produce capsules
e. change membrane permeability
DNA proteins bind to what carbon?
a. 3rd carbon
b. 5th carbon
c. 1st carbon
d. 2nd carbon
e. none of the above
Matching
Streptococcus Pneumoniae a. gonorrhea
Shilgella spp. b. gas gangrene
Neisseria gonorrheae c. pneumococcal pheumonia
clostridium perfringens d. rocky mountain spotted fever
rickettsia rickettsii e. shigellosis
pathology a. an abonormal state in which the body functions abnormally
etiology b. colonization of the body by pathogens
pathogenesis c. the development of diseases
Disease d. the study of disease
infection e. the study of the cause of disease
Communicable disease a. influenza
contagious disease b. tetani
noncommunicable disease c. TB
Coagulase a. hydrolyzes collagen
kinase/fibrinolysin b. hdyrolyzes hyalurnoci acid
hyaluronidase c. digest fibrin clots
collagenase d. coagulates fibrinogen
attachment A. phage attaches by tail fibers to host cell by chance collision
penetration b. tail sheath contracts to force tail core and DNA into cell
biosynthesis c. production of phage DNA and proteins
maturation d. various parts assembled independently
release e. phage lysozome break cell wall
peremyoviridae a. bunyavirus
delleviridae b. influenze virus
orthomyxoviridae c. pero myxovirus
bunya viridae d. hepetitis d virus
areneviridae e. lymphocyclic choriomeningitis.
Fill Ins/definitions
__________ is the science of classifying organisms
a graph that shows genetic relationship between organism is referred to as ___________
systematics of phylogeny is the orderly relationship based upon their __________ history
A ________ is a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
___________ is the relationship between microbiota and the host.
________ fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time.
__________ fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time.
___________ tests detect antiboides against viruses in a patients
Animal and plant viruses may be grown in _______________ and ____________
__________ is an important enzyme responsible for cutting DNA leaving single stranded sticky ends
__________ of the phosphate bonds provided the energy for DNA sythesis
spread of fomitis is an example of ______________
________ is a change in base
complimentary anticodons are carried by _________
transcription stops at the ______________
translation of the mRNA begins at the ___________
transcription takes place in the ___________, which is represented by _____________
an enzyme that copies DNA is _____________
______________ is a mutant microorganism having a nutritional requirement that is absent in the parent
__________ is toxins in the blood
_________ is viruses in the blood
Microbial antagonsim is a competition between microbes for _________, ________________, _____________
LAB stands for ______________________________
probiotics are ____________ microbes applied to or ingested into the body
physicians are required to report __________ ______________ _________________
a disease where the symptoms develop rapidly is _____________
a disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive is _______________
nosocomial infections effect _______________ of all patients
the most common mosocomial infection that occurs in hospitals is _____________
vertical gene transfer occurs during ____________
___________ is used to replace defective or missing genes
Listings
List 3 examples of symptoms and 3 examples of signs of a disease
List in evolutionary order the Bacteria from the least evolved to the most evolved
list three founders of epidemiology
list and describe the three types of epidemiology
list the complete application for e. coli
Diagrams