This candid snapshot of the notorious Young Johnny G is an extreme example of "red eye." Red eye occurs when light reflects off of the capillaries in the back of the eye. The capillaries, filled with blood, reflect red (unless, I suppose, you have an image of a true "Blue Blood"). Typically this happens when the flash is directly above the lens and the subject is looking into the camera. ("Look at the birdie!") In this first example, the pupils are dilated far enough to reflect from an angle.

Let's zoom in and apply two different techniques. On the left (Johnny's right eye), you'll see the result when the pupil is filled with black. It looks as unnatural as the red eye. On the right, the pupil has been adjusted using the Paintbrush, set to 60% opacity and a blending mode of Luminosity. This leaves the natural reflections and specular highlights. (Specular highlights are explained below). This produces a more realistic image. Note that the pupil hasn't been changed all the way to black. There is still a hint of a tint, which adds to the realism.

Another, more typical, example of red eye is seen below. The Lovely Libby was looking directly at the camera when the flash and shutter cycled. The fact that the eyes match the dress does, in this case, ruin an otherwise beautiful photo.

In this case, the red eye reduction technique most appropriate is desaturation. The Sponge tool, set to Desaturate and Pressure at 50%, makes quick and easy work of the pupils. The brown eyes are emphasized, with natural highlights.

One more example shows Perry O. with his Dad. (Hmmmm...Dad doesn't have red eye -- could it come from the mother's side?)

In this case we'll use a technique that is appropriate for critical projects and high resolution images. A selection is made of the reddish areas of Perry's eyes. The area includes the entire pupil, with the specular highlights. To eliminate the red, use Image> Adjust> Selective Color. With the pop-up menu set to Red, click the radio button for Absolute, and increase the amount of black using the lowest slider.

SPECULAR HIGHLIGHTS
Specular highlights are those reflections in a photograph that contain no color information. Their RGB values are 255/255/255. Such pure white areas are natural and removing them completely is usually unnecessary (and sometimes results in an unnatural look). The word "specular" refers to mirror-like reflections. And, of course, a white light source reflected in a mirror produces white.

New at Adobe's Web site is the Photoshop Expert Center. Tips & tutorials, updaters, plug-ins, downloadable Goodies, and training resources are just some of the things available to you on these pages. Check it out at www.adobe.com/expertcenter/photoshop/main.html

SIX SHOOTERS
As we transition from Photoshop 5.x to Photoshop 6, a number of questions are being asked regularly.
• The Fade Filter command is now found under the Edit menu.
• The shortcut to create a new Adjustment Layer is no longer Command-clicking (or Control-clicking) the New layer icon in the Layers palette. Instead, adjustment layers have their own button now. It's the one just to the left of the New Layer Button at the bottom of the Layers palette.
• Save a Copy is now rolled into the Save As dialog box. When you choose Save As, look for the checkbox labeled "As a Copy."
• Preferences are now under the Edit menu.
• Color Settings is also under the Edit menu.
• Macintosh users will find the Preferences file back in the Preferences folder of the System folder. Look in the Adobe Photoshop 6 Settings folder.

(Read Peter's previous columns)